SGLT2 Inhibitors
Patient Information Leaflet
What are SGLT2 Inhibitors?
These medications increase sugar excretion in urine, leading to increased urine output. Commonly used for type 2 diabetes, they also protect kidneys and heart, and reduce risks of heart failure, heart attacks, and strokes. Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin and Canagliflozin are commonly used SGLT2 Inhibitors.
Side Effects
Common:
- Genital thrush:Due to sugar in urine. Maintain hygiene and wear loose underwear. Treatable.
- Rash
- Dizziness
- Hypoglycaemia:More likely when combined with other diabetes medicines.
Uncommon:
- Dehydration:Due to increased urination. Signs: dry mouth, thirst, fast heartbeat. Drink fluids if symptomatic.
Rare:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):Acid build-up, even with normal glucose. Signs: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, dizziness, thirst. Risk increases with fasting, dehydration, alcohol, or low-carb diets.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) happens in about 1 to 4 out of every 1,000 people taking SGLT2 inhibitors each year.
Very Rare:
- Fournier’s gangrene:Severe infection of genital/perineal area. Symptoms: redness, tenderness, swelling with fever or feeling unwell. Seek emergency care.
Fournier’s gangrene occurs in about 1 in every 60,000 people taking SGLT2 inhibitors each year.
Sick Day Guidance
Stop taking the medicine if you are too unwell for daily activities or have vomiting, diarrhoea, or fever. Restart when recovered. If still unwell after 48 hours, seek medical advice.
Diabetics should monitor blood glucose more frequently. Contact GP, pharmacist, NHS 111, if needed
